Composition for treating inflammatory diseases

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to the use of hyaluronic acid for treating inflammatory diseases, in particular skin or mucous membrane diseases.

The present invention relates to the use of hyaluronic acid for treatinginflammatory diseases, in particular skin diseases or mucous membranediseases.

A great number of skin diseases, in particular those of the atopic type,have not been explained causally. Commonly, these diseases areinflammatory reactions of the dermis and of the dermoepithelialtransition zone. It is known that in these diseases considerable shiftsin the normal hyaluronic acid content in the dermis and epidermis occur.The treatment of such diseases at present consists in various measures,e.g. administration of fat-containing ointments, creams or lotions withaddition of different active compounds. Most effectively, suchinflammatory diseases, however, are treated with corticoid-containingpreparations for external (topical) use. The adequately known local andsystemic side effects of the corticoids (derivatives of the endogenoussteroid hormone cortisol) are to be expected here. In the case ofchronic use of the topical corticoid preparations, as a rule delayedconsequences occur, such as, for example, cutaneous atrophy.

Another means of treatment consists in the use of agents which attackcells of the immune system and inhibit the biosynthesis ofimmunomodulators, such as, for example, cyclosporin, tacrolism andpimecrolism. Substances having such actions are also described asimmunosuppressants, because they suppress the immune response of abioorganism. Their use is thus considerably restricted, since an intactimmune system is essential for a permanently satisfactory state ofhealth. Use is thus suitable only in the case of severe symptoms and inphysically mature individuals. Long-term risks and the risks oflong-term use, such as, for example, carcinogenicity, are completelyunexplained.

There is therefore a need to develop new agents for treatinginflammatory skin diseases or mucous membrane diseases, in which thedisadvantages of the prior part can be at least partly avoided.

Surprisingly, it has been found that hyaluronic acid, aglycosaminoglycan, is outstandingly suitable for treating inflammatoryskin diseases or mucous membrane diseases, in particular of inflammatoryskin diseases of the atopic type.

One subject of the invention is thus the use of hyaluronic acid for theproduction of a composition for preventing or treating inflammatory skindiseases or mucous membrane diseases.

A further subject of the invention is a process for preventing ortreating an inflammatory skin or mucous membrane disease, where apreparation is administered to a subject to be treated, for example ahuman patient or alternatively an animal, which contains hyaluronic acidin an amount adequate for treating the disease.

The administration of hyaluronic acid can in principle be carried out inany desired manner, provided this is suitable for treating therespective disease. In many cases, local administration is carried outin the area of the diseased skin site, e.g. a lesion. Preferably,administration is carried out intradermally, e.g. by injection, or bytopical application to the diseased skin site.

For the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases, hyaluronic acid issuitable both in uncrosslinked form and in crosslinked form or mixturesthereof.

Uncrosslinked hyaluronic acid is preferably selected from (i) long-chainhyaluronic acid having an average molecular weight (weight-average) ofat least 200 kD and (ii) short-chain hyaluronic acid having an averagemolecular weight (weight-average) up to 50 kD or mixtures thereof.

Crosslinked hyaluronic acid can be, for example, covalently ornoncovalently crosslinked. The preparation of crosslinked hyaluronicacid can be carried out per se in a known manner. Covalent crosslinkagecan in general be carried out here by crosslinking with bifunctionalreactive agents, such as, for example, glutaraldehyde or carbodiimide,via bifunctional amino acids, e.g. lysine, protamines or albumins. It isalso possible, however, to produce crosslinkages by means of an amide,ester or ether bond for example. Further suitable reagents for thecovalent crosslinkage of hyaluronic acid are ethylene glycol diglycidylether or 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether, divinyl sulfone,photocrosslinking reagents, such as ethyleosin, hydrazides, such asbishydrazide, trishydrazide and polyvalent hydrazide compounds.Furthermore, intra- or/and intermolecularly esterified hyaluronic acidderivatives can also be employed. A noncovalent crosslinkage usingmultivalent metal ions, such as, for example, iron, copper, zinc,calcium, magnesium, barium and other chelating metal ions isparticularly preferred.

Hyaluronic acid is commercially obtainable in the crosslinked state(e.g. Hylaform®, a crosslinked hyaluronic acid from Biomatrix, NJ, USA;for preparation see also U.S. Pat. No. 4,713,448, U.S. Pat. No.4,605,691, APC® from Fidia, Incert® from Anika Therapeutics, Intergel®from LifeCore or Restylane from Q-Med).

In use, the molecular weight and, in the case of crosslinked hyaluronicacid products, the degree of crosslinkage is of importance which, forexample, is in the range from 0.1% to 10%, without being restrictedthereto. Generally, it is to be observed that with long-chain hyaluronicacid a lower degree of crosslinking suffices in order to obtain agelatinous matrix, whereas with short-chain hyaluronic acid a higherdegree of crosslinkage is necessary in order to obtain comparableproperties.

The hyaluronic acid preparation according to the invention can beemployed both in human medicine and in veterinary medicine, for examplefor treating domestic animals or agricultural animals.

The pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention contain thehyaluronic acid preferably in amounts from 0.01 to 20% by weight, basedon the total pharmaceutical composition, in particular in an amount from0.01 to 5% by weight and particularly preferably in an amount from 0.01to 1% by weight.

As pharmaceutical excipients, the pharmaceutical compositions accordingto the invention can contain, for example, agents for pH adjustment,stabilizing agents, antioxidants, solubilizers, penetration-promotingagents, preservatives or/and gel-forming agents, such as are customarilyused in such compositions. They are used in the amounts customary insuch preparations.

In addition to the active compound hyaluronic acid, the pharmaceuticalcompositions according to the invention can optionally also containstill further pharmaceutical active compounds which are compatible withhyaluronic acid in the course of application, e.g. active compounds forthe therapy of skin diseases (dermatoses), antimycotics, antibiotics(e.g. gentamycin, vancomycin, penicillins or cephalosporins),sulfonamides, disinfectants, hormones (e.g. corticoids) and hormonederivatives (e.g. cortisol), local anesthetics (of the lidocaine ornovocaine type), vasoactive substances for vasoconstriction (avoidanceof hemorrhages), adrenalin, enzymes (such as, for example,hyaluronidase), interleukins, growth factors (e.g. EGF, PDGF or/andIGF), vitamins (e.g. vitamin D), skincare agents and/orcirculation-promoting (hyperemizing) agents. The further activecompounds can optionally be associated with the hyaluronic acid, e.g. bycovalent or noncovalent interactions.

Also of importance are additives, such as, for example, di- or trivalentmetal ions, which can have a crosslinking and stabilizing action as aresult of chelate formation, which on the other hand can also acceleratethe degradation of the active hyaluronic acid.

In the tissue, the degradation of hyaluronic acid is carried outnaturally by a large number of different hyaluronidases or by oxygenfree radicals. Therefore additives which have an inhibitory action onhyaluronidases (heparin, indomethacin or/and salicylates) and thosewhich prevent the oxidative degradation of hyaluronic acid in the tissueas “free radical traps” (vitamins A, E or/and C) are furthermore ofimportance.

A particularly preferred embodiment of the preparation according to theinvention are mixtures of long-chain hyaluronic acid (? 200 kD) withshort-chain hyaluronic acid (e.g. hexamers of the repetitivedisaccharide units or larger units up to 50 kD) or alternativelymixtures of the aforementioned with crosslinked hyaluronic acid. Viscousinjectable preparations result here, which are preferably introducedintradermally using injection needles (e.g. 30 gauge) or extensively byinjection on the border of the dermoepidermal transition. The raising ofisolated weals is also suitable according to the invention. The knownlocal anesthetics can be added to the injectable hyaluronic acidpreparations for minimization of the painfulness of the injection.

A further particularly preferred embodiment are mixtures of crosslinkedhyaluronic acid and noncrosslinked hyaluronic acid.

Instead of the injection technique using needles, the preparationsaccording to the invention can also be administered extremelyeffectively by pressure injection. This process is distinguished byextensive freedom from pain.

Further preparations according to the invention of the active compoundare aqueous solutions or emulsions for intravenous administration or forinstillation into body cavities or hollow organs.

Since the barrier function of the dermoepithelial transition and of thedeeper epidermal layers is disturbed by the inflammatory process of theentire skin in the case of one of the aforementioned diseases, thepreparations according to the invention can also be applied topically,i.e. superficially, to the skin in the form of ointments, creams,lotions, gels, sprays, tinctures, shampoos or occlusive films. Aparticular form of preparation within the meaning of the invention is adry hyaluronic acid preparation in the form of a powder, which is usedin particular for treating weeping eczema. The invention also relates tothe introduction of the active compounds in micro-encapsulated form orin the form of liposomes. A large number of such topical preparationsare known from the cosmetics field, these substances being appliedexclusively to healthy and intact skin.

Surprisingly, it has emerged that on use according to the invention ofsuch topical preparations on inflammatory skin, an exacerbation, forexample, does not occur, but a regression of the inflammatory symptoms.If mucous membranes of the airways have to be treated, aerosols can alsobe employed according to the invention as inhalation solutions.

The compositions according to the invention can be prepared in agenerally known manner, which is customary per se for the preparation ofsuch compositions. Here, the sequence of the mixing of the individualconstituents is not critical as a rule.

The nature, dose and the frequency of the administration of thecomposition according to the invention and the condition (e.g.viscosity, degree of crosslinking, active compound content etc.) dependin particular on the nature and severity of the disease and on the ageof the patient and the place and the nature of the application, e.g. thecondition and the sensitivity of the inflamed site. If the compositionsaccording to the invention are administered in the form of topicallyapplicable preparations, the administration as a rule conforms to theconditions customary for such compositions.

The nature of the treatment and the frequency of application inparticular also depend on the individual responses of the persons to betreated. Preferably, an application of gels or solutions takes place atintervals of several days up to one or two months, in particular aboutone to two weeks.

The invention also comprises mixtures of hyaluronic acid with otherglycosaminoglycans in crosslinked or/and noncrosslinked form. Forpossible combinations and crosslinking possibilities, reference is madeto EP-B-0 619 737, DE-A-102 99 66 and WO 03/041723. Mixtures ofhyaluronic acid and heparin are preferred. Mixtures of hyaluronic acidand positively charged glycosaminoglycans, such as chitosamine, arefurthermore preferred.

The following skin diseases can be treated particularly successfullyusing the preparations according to the invention: atopic dermatitis andeczematous skin diseases, such as seborrheic eczema and microbialeczema, pruritus, prurigo, urticaria, red lichen, psoriasis, such aspsoriasis vulgaris, vitiligo, rosacea, perioral dermatitis, acnevulgaris or acne conglobata, and chronic and acute ulcerations of theskin. In addition, the composition is suitable for supportive treatmentin mycoses, in particular in combination with an antimycotic.

Surprisingly, viral skin diseases which lead to wart formation can alsobe favorably influenced using the preparations according to theinvention, such as, for example, verruca vulgaris, condylomas, such as,for example, vulvar warts (Condylomata accuminata), or otherpathological skin symptoms caused by viruses of the papilloma group.Hyaluronic acid is preferably injected here at the base of such lesionson the dermoepidermal transition. The action of hyaluronic acid onherpes viruses was known (see patent application WO 03/041723).

A further group of diseases of the mucous membranes are “aphthae”.Painful vesicles are formed on the mucous membranes here. The cause ofaphthae formation is hitherto unknown. The use according to theinvention of hyaluronic acid in the case of aphthae lead to an immediateregression of the painfulness and to subsequent healing of the aphthae.

The uses of hyaluronic acid for the prevention or treatment of diseasesof mucous membranes or of body openings which are lined with these isalso expressly regarded as a subject of the invention. In thisconnection, suitable gelatinous preparations can be instilled intoappropriate cavities or the mucous membrane lesions can be linedsubmucosally by suitable techniques. Treatment successes can beachieved, for example, in polypous mucous membrane diseases, such asnasal polyposis, or in inflammatory intestinal diseases. The submucosaladministration of the active compound can in this case also be carriedout endoscopically.

The use of the preparation according to the invention extends not onlyto the introduction into dermis and epidermis. In particular cases, theapplication of the preparation according to the invention under thedermis can also be necessary and is thus a use within the meaning of theinvention. The introduction of the active compound into closed bodycavities, such as, for example, chest and abdominal cavity, is alsoaccording to the invention.

A further subject of the invention is the use of a preparation whichcontains a mixture of crosslinked and noncrosslinked hyaluronic acid forcosmetic or pharmaceutical uses, in particular for treating skin or softtissue defects, and also wrinkles of the skin.

From the use of crosslinked hyaluronic acid for the lining of skinwrinkles and similar defects, the side effects known are inflammatoryreactions which appear in the form of redness, swelling, burning,itching and with the formation of small intradermal nodules. These sideeffects can be suppressed according to the invention by admixingnoncrosslinked hyaluronic acid to the preparations of exclusivelycrosslinked hyaluronic acid. Admixtures of low molecular weightfractions up to about 500 kD have proven favorable here. The protectiveeffect, however, can also be achieved using noncrosslinked hyaluronicacid above the molecular size mentioned, it also being possible toemploy fractions up to 5 million D. Therefore, mixtures of crosslinkedand noncrosslinked hyaluronic acid for employment in the cosmetic orpharmaceutical treatment of wrinkles, soft tissue defects and for theaugmentative treatment of soft tissues (e.g. lips) are likewise asubject of the invention. With regard to further preferred embodimentsfor this subject, reference is made to the details above.

The use according to the invention also includes the employment ofhyaluronic acid on the conjunctiva of the eye and of the cornea,hitherto only the use of noncrosslinked hyaluronic acid after laserablation of the cornea being known. It has been shown that crosslinkedhyaluronic acid and mixtures of crosslinked and noncrosslinkedhyaluronic acid can also be employed in manipulations, injuries andinflammations of the cornea. In the case of shaping treatments on thecornea of the eye, the employment of hyaluronic acid between the corneaand shaping dish for the purpose of an improvement of the visual poweris also described as according to the invention. In the implantation ofplastic lenses into the eye for the elimination of cataract, at presentnoncrosslinked hyaluronic acid is applied to the surface of the plasticlens for lubrication. The application of the preparation according tothe invention, in particular of a mixture of noncrosslinked andcrosslinked hyaluronic acid, optionally in combination with a furtherglycosamino-glycan, such as heparin, is more advantageous as a result,in that the postoperative inflammatory reaction is suppressed long-termand thus the occurrence of “after-cataract” is prevented. On theconjunctiva of the eye, according to the invention all inflammatorychanges, that is inflammation of the conjunctiva or conjunctivitis, arefavorably influenced. With regard to further preferred embodiments forthis subject, reference is made to the details above.

USE EXAMPLES Example 1

A 30 year-old female patient having atopic dermatitis was treatedaccording to the invention by extensively introducing by injection 0.1ml of a long-chain hyaluronic acid (Hyal System, Merz, Frankfurt/M)intradermally under atopic lesions in the area of the elbow. As early as3 days after treatment, the previously excruciating itching hadsubsided. The original inflammatory symptoms were clearly declining.

Example 2

In a 14 year-old, a virus wart on the right index finger wasintralesionally infiltrated with 0.1 ml of crosslinked hyaluronic acid(Juvederm 18, LEA Derm, Hallbergmoos). After 4 weeks, intact skinwithout wart attack existed in the treated region.

Example 3

The attacked skin areas of a 20 year-old man with acne vulgaris on theface were intradermally injected 0.75 ml deep with Hylaform. After 4weeks, the acute inflammatory changes of the skin had disappeared. Afresh occurrence of the disease was able to be suppressed for 6 months.

1-21. (canceled)
 22. A method for preventing or treating an inflammatoryskin or mucous membrane disease, comprising administering to a subjectin need thereof an effective amount of hyaluronic acid in crosslinkedform.
 23. A method according to claim 22, wherein the inflammatory skinor mucous membrane disease is atopic dermatitis.
 24. A method accordingto claim 22, wherein the inflammatory skin or mucous membrane disease ispsoriasis.
 25. A method according to claim 22, wherein administering isby local administration.
 26. A method according to claim 22, whereinadministering is by intradermal administration, by administration to theborder of the dermoepithelial transition or by topical administration.27. A method according to claim 22, wherein the degree of crosslinkingis 0.1% to 10%.
 28. A method according to claim 22, wherein thecrosslinked hyaluronic acid is present in a mixture with uncrosslinkedhyaluronic acid.
 29. A method according to claim 28, wherein theuncrosslinked hyaluronic acid is (i) long-chain hyaluronic acid havingan average molecular weight (weight-average) of at least 200 kD, or (ii)short-chain hyaluronic acid having an average molecular weight(weight-average) up to 50 kD, or (iii) a mixture thereof.
 30. A methodaccording to claim 22, wherein the hyaluronic acid is in a compositionwhich contains an inhibitor of hyaluronic acid degradation.
 31. A methodaccording to claim 30, wherein the inhibitor of hyaluronic aciddegradation is heparin, indomethacin, a salicylate, a free radical trap,or vitamin A, C or E, or a mixture thereof.
 32. A method according toclaim 22, wherein the hyaluronic acid is present as an injectablepreparation, ointment, cream, lotion, gel, spray, tincture, shampoo,occlusive film, powder or inhalable preparation.
 33. A method accordingto claim 22, wherein the hyaluronic acid is in a composition whichcontains a further glycosaminoglycan in crosslinked or uncrosslinkedform.
 34. A method according to claim 22, wherein the inflammatory skinor mucous membrane disease is atopic dermatitis, eczema, seborrheic ormicrobial eczema, pruritus, prurigo, urticaria, red lichen, psoriasis,psoriasis vulgaris, vitiligo, a viral skin disease which leads to wartformation, verruca vulgaris, Condylomata accuminata, rosacea, perioraldermatitis, acne, acne vulgaris, acne conglobata, a polypous mucousmembrane disease, nasal polyposis, an inflammatory intestinal disease, achronic or acute ulceration of the skin, aphthae or mycoses.
 35. Amethod according to claim 22, wherein the subject is a human.
 36. Amethod according to claim 22, wherein the subject is a veterinarypatient.
 37. A process according to claim 22, which is for treating aninflammatory skin or mucous membrane disease.
 38. A method forpreventing or treating an inflammatory disease of the eye, comprisingadministering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount ofhyaluronic acid in crosslinked form.
 39. A method according to claim 38,which is for preventing or treating an inflammatory disease of theconjunctiva or cornea; or which is for preventing or treatingafter-cataract or inflammation of the conjunctiva; or wherein thecrosslinked hyaluronic acid is present in a mixture with uncrosslinkedhyaluronic acid; or wherein the hyaluronic acid is in a compositionwhich contains a further glycosaminoglycan in crosslinked oruncrosslinked form.
 40. A method for treating skin or soft tissuedefects and skin wrinkles comprising administering to a subject in needthereof an effective amount of a mixture of hyaluronic acid incrosslinked and uncrosslinked form.
 41. A method according to claim 40,wherein the hyaluronic acid is in a composition which contains a furtherglycosaminoglycan in crosslinked or uncrosslinked form.